It was from this root of problem that has led to many other researchers conduct plant feasibility and evaluations before considering establishment and integration of large-scale PV power plants. One main problem for large-scale PV power storage and harvester is the uncontrollable amount of power generation and demand. Being the early plant to generate power for utility provision, the plant faces problems especially when compared to other types of renewable energy sources. The 230 kV utility scale PV system plant by Desoto Solar Energy Centre was established. The harvesting of solar energy was not done in large scale and not connected in a primary power grid until the 2009, where the first large-scale PV harvesting installation was installed. PV harvesting in small scales have dated back since the 1950s and possibly earlier times within the nineteenth and twentieth century (Silvi 2008).
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The only thing that changes over time is our understanding of how to harvest such abundance of energy efficiently with minimal wastage. Solar energy was present ever since the beginning of time and the form of energy that it was in is only the same. The comparative study is done in two different states in Malaysia-Pahang and Perak. This study aims to compare different types of power systems that include large-scale solar and energy storage capacities, in order to determine the most profitable models. The aspects mentioned can either give slight if not large impact to the financial income of solar power generation and storage. Implementation of the various models of solar and energy storage capacities often requires a multitude of aspects including geography, climate and demography of a region. Each model varies in terms of how they operate and output capability, which in turn affects the profitability on industry. Solar energy harvesting systems have been designed in many different forms and models. Such projects must be financially profitable, in order to ensure their sustainability and to guarantee a future increase of the RE installed capacity after 2020. However, the environmental outcome is not the only motivation for the authorities. With the announced large-scale solar projects, Malaysia is already on the way to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. It has been the global goal for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and steps to invest in renewable energy (RE) generation systems have been taken in many countries around the world. The findings of this study are useful for the future regulations that intend to enhance the deployment of large-scale solar PV and energy storage in Malaysia. This study determined the parameters that affect the profitability of large-scale solar energy projects and energy storage projects, and the configurations that maximize financial profits. Nevertheless, with the current energy prices in Malaysia, projects that include only energy storage are not financially profitable. It is found that adding storage to a large-scale solar project is more profitable technically and financially with greater large-scale solar capacities and smaller storage capacities. Due to the energy prices in Malaysia, the projects that include large-scale solar only are more profitable technically and financially than those including large-scale solar and energy storage. It is equal to RM 11.67 Million for A = 60%, while it is equal to RM 13.5 Million with A = 5%. The difference between the two locations is comparatively higher for 50-MW projects. On the economical side, with a difference of 0.06 kWh/m 2/day for the analysis carried out in Pahang and Perak, the difference in net present worth is more than 7.5% of the net present cost. On the other hand, increasing the energy storage output to LSS output ratio, A to 60% results in the increase of LCOE, exceeding RM 0.47/kWh. In this case, 30-MW projects have the cheapest electricity, equal to RM 0.2484/kWh. The lowest values of LCOE are guaranteed with energy storage output to LSS output ratio, A = 5%. A comparative study has been done to compare the economic outcomes from different types of projects, with different scales and multiple configurations of large-scale solar PV combined with energy storage. This project aims to determine the most profitable business model of power systems, in terms of PV installed capacity, and energy storage capacity, and power system components. Although the technical and environmental benefits of such transition have been examined, the profitability of energy storage systems combined with large-scale solar PV has not been studied in Malaysia. Due to the mismatch between the peak of solar energy generation and the peak demand, energy storage projects are essential and crucial to optimize the use of this renewable resource. Large-scale solar is a non-reversible trend in the energy mix of Malaysia.